This study aims to analyze the opinions of primary school teachers and parents about the first literacy process in the 2020-2021 academic year under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The recruits were the 1st-grade teachers in the city center of Malatya for the 2020-2021 academic year and the parents of the students in these classes. The recruits comprised 11 primary school teachers and 31 parents selected by criterion sampling of the purposeful sampling methods. The qualitative research tradition was adopted in the study. The research was designed as a case study. A semi-structured interview form was used as a data collection tool, and the data were analyzed through content analysis. The analysis results were categorized into four groups. It was found that teachers had difficulties in the distance education process and could not actively involve students during the courses compared to face to face education. It was stated that teachers, students, and parents experienced adaptation problems during the pandemic and preferred in-person education instead of distanced methods. It was concluded that the parents preferred continuing literacy activities from home via distance education for hygiene during the COVID-19 pandemic, and they supported face to face education after this process. It was suggested that in-service training would be helpful to teachers for literacy education during the COVID-19 pandemic, besides the technological support for distance education infrastructure and guidance activities based on parent-teacher cooperation.