Agricultural problems associated with prospects of the rural population and agriculture in general have recently become an important factor in the modern economic policy development. The urgency of finding ways to improve the labor resource efficiency in agriculture pursuant to the state tasks is determined by the need to restore the agricultural potential of the country and to keep the state's role in the development of agricultural production. Agriculture requires reformation; it is necessary to change the approach to organizing labor. The main negative factors that affect the agricultural industry are as follows: demographic factor--the younger generation is moving to the cities; ecological factor--the difficult ecological situation affects both the nature and people; natural and climatic factors--changes in weather conditions. The research analyzes the factors that have a direct impact on labor effectiveness: natural, technological, and technical. The experience of experts and researchers is presented and generalized. The results note that in order to improve the effectiveness of labor in the agricultural sector, it is necessary to develop the industry and create new jobs. The main role in the agricultural reform should be played by the government, which should modify the legal framework, including the labor laws.