Nursing stress is considered a problem that affects the practice worldwide. Job stress is a harmful response physically and emotionally when the nurses' skills, resources, and needs could not fulfill the requirement of the job. This study was aimed to assess job stress and self-efficacy among psychiatric nursing working in mental health hospitals at Cairo, Egypt. The study was conducted in two setting, 1st was El Abassia mental health hospital and 2nd was Institute of Psychiatry affiliated to Ain shams university hospitals. Tools used for data collection were 1) Socio-demographic interview questionnaire sheet, 2) psychiatric Nurses Job Stress Scale (PNJSS) and 3) General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE). The main results showed that psychiatric nurses suffering from a different aspect of stress regarding psychiatric nurses ability, the attitude of patient, attitude to nursing and communication with patients and their families. Also, the result indicated that mostly of psychiatric nurses were have low self-efficacy. Furthermore, There was a statistically significant relation between stress, self-efficacy and socio demographic data of nurses under study. This study recommended that, Establish a psychoeducational program for psychiatric nurses to learn them how to cope positively with their stressors. Training programs and courses on self-efficacy would help the psychiatric nurse to enhance their stress bearing capacity and also improve their work performance.