The present study has been designed to investigate the locale-wise differences among high school students on the basis of certain cognitive variables like general mental ability and academic achievement and non-cognitive variables such as anxiety, emotional maturity and social maturity. The study was conducted over a sample of 400 (200 boys and 200 girls) high school students studying in Xth class in 8 different schools (4 urban and 4 rural) affiliated to CBSE, New Delhi. Dr Ahuja's group test of intelligence, Sharma's general anxiety scale for children, Singh & Bhargava's Emotional maturity scale and Dr Nalini Rao's Social maturity scale were employed to measure students' general mental ability, anxiety, emotional maturity and social maturity. The aggregate scores of the selected students in the C.B.S.E. board examination were taken to show their level of academic achievement. The results reported that Rural and Urban high school students differ significantly in their level of general mental ability and anxiety whereas no significant differences were found between them on the variables of emotional maturity, social maturity and academic achievement.