Among all children under 18 years in the U.S., 43 percent live in low-income families and 21 percent--approximately one in five--lives in a poor family. This means that children are overrepresented among our nation's poor; they represent 23 percent of the population but comprise 33 percent of all people in poverty. Many more children live in families with incomes just above the poverty threshold. Similarly, among children ages 6 through 11 years in middle childhood, 44 percent live in low-income families and 21 percent live in poor families. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. Parental education and employment, race/ethnicity, and other factors are associated with children's experience of economic insecurity. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socioeconomic, and employment characteristics of children in middle childhood and their parents. It highlights the important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children in this age group from their less disadvantaged counterparts. The following questions are addressed: (1) How many children in middle childhood (age 6 through 11 years) in the United States live in low-income families?; (2) Has the percentage of children in middle childhood living in low-income and poor families changed over time?; (3) How do children in middle childhood compare to the rest of the population?; (4) Does the percentage of children in low-income families vary by age group?; (5) Does the percentage of children in middle childhood in low-income families vary by race/ethnicity?; (6) Does the percentage of children in middle childhood in low-income families vary by parents' nativity?; (7) What are the family characteristics of low-income and poor children in middle childhood?; (8) Does the percentage of children in middle childhood in low-income families vary by where they live?; and (9) Are children in middle childhood in low-income families covered by health insurance?