This book reviews the literature on reflection, explores the relationship between reflection and learning, and discusses how reflection can be used to improve learning and professional practice. The following are among the topics discussed: (1) common-sense and developmental stage approaches to reflection; (2) the philosophies of Dewey and Habermas as "backbone philosophies" of reflection; (3) reflection in experiential learning (Kolb's experiential learning cycle, action research); (4) the work of Donald Schon and reflection in professional practice (reflection-in-action versus reflection-on-action, reflection in professional education); (5) a theoretical stance on reflective practice in the professions (reflection and professional characteristics); (6) a practical stance on reflective practice in the professions; (7) the role of reflection in counseling, therapy, and personal development (empowerment, emancipation); (8) taking stock of reflection; (9) fundamentals of learning (constructivism); (10) mapping learning; (11) the place of reflection in learning; (12) the conditions for reflection; (13) two case studies of reflection in professional situations; (14) learning journals as tools for learning through reflection; and (15) more ways and means of learning through reflection (generating reflection by having learners reflect on their own learning and by teaching critical thinking and philosophy). Eleven tables/figures are included. (Contains 272 references.) (MN)