Establishing school-based drug prevention programs was the aim of the Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act of 1986 (DFSCA). The extent to which DFSCA-funded programs made a difference in helping states and localities prevent or reduce drug use and some of the effective prevention strategies and programs for use with school-aged youth are examined in this report. Site visits were made to 19 participating school districts to determine: (1) rationale for the adoption or use of chosen program components; (2) content, organization, and delivery of the prevention program; (3) types of evaluations the programs had conducted; and (4) the extent to which districts/schools were able to implement program activities as planned, and why. Key findings are presented under the headings of"Program Content,""Program Staffing", and "Evaluation." Overall, DFSCA was successful in encouraging these school districts to establish or expand their school-based prevention programs. Content and quality of the efforts varied. Factors that facilitated implementation, barriers to achieving full implementation, and needs for technical assistance are discussed. Attachments include DFSCA as amended in 1989 and a list of "Prevention Specific Curricula" used by the districts under review. (EMK)