Doing science in the Shuttle and Spacelab is a different experience than having an instrument on a satellite; science becomes more "personal." Interaction between scientists on the ground and the onboard crew in conducting experiments adds a new dimension to a science mission. It transforms the mission from a focus on machines, electronics, and nameless bits of data to a human adventure. By monitoring the experiment data stream, talking to the crew, and watching live television from orbit, scientists on the ground virtually work side by side with their colleagues in space. This close interaction enables scientists on the ground or in space to respond to experiment results as they happen, adjust the experiment if appropriate, and maximize the scientific return. Manned space science is a very special bridge that transports the scientist on the ground to space in a way not possible by other research methods. This book describes living and working conditions on the Spacelab and the Space Shuttle as well as experiments related to: (1) materials science; (2) solar physics; (3) space plasma physics; (4) atmospheric science; (5) earth observation; (6) astronomy and astrophysics; and (7) new technologies. (CW)