Data from the authors' previous research (1979, 1980, 1987), consisting of responses to five masculinity-femininity (M-F), two esteem, and two social desirability instruments, were reanalyzed. The subjects were 104 male and 133 female college students who completed the: Bem Sex Role Inventory, Personal Attributes Questionnaire, ANDRO instrument and Social Desirability Scale from the Personality Research Form, Femininity Scale of the California Psychological Inventory, Masculinity versus Femininity Scale of the Comrey Personality Scales, Feelings of Inadequacy Scale, and Self-Acceptance Scale. Correlations between M and F for the five M-F instruments varies from 0.23 to about -1.0. Support for distinguishable (non-bipolar) M and F factors was found for four of the instruments. Applying confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and hierarchical CFA, the dimensionality of M-F and the influence of method/halo effects in responses to specific instruments were studied. The best fitting model identified three higher-order factors. In support of traditional personality theories, one factor was a bipolar M-F construct, but in support of androgyny theory, the other two factors were distinguishable M and F factors. The factor structures were reasonably invariant for men and women; methodological implications of this finding are substantial. In subsequent analyses, the higher-order M-F factors were related to esteem, social desirability, and gender in order to further test interpretations of the M-F factors. Six tables and four figures conclude the document. (TJH)