This study describes how local educators design Chapter 1 instructional programs for educationally deprived students from low-income areas. A multiple case study investigation was done in 20 districts in 11 states, chosen to reflect differences in context, program design, and design change. The report includes discussions of the following: (1) the focus of the study and its methods and limitations; (2) patterns of program design and decisionmaking; (3) change and continuity in the basic features of Chapter 1 program design; (4) options for curriculum, approach, and instructional support; (5) change in arrangements for special groups or situations; (6) Chapter 1 program design in relation to other educational programs and initiatives; and (7) explanations of design choices and changes. Also included are a list of references and appendices showing study methods and samples as well as Title I and Chapter 1 provisions. (PS)