A study was carried out to investigate the organizational determinants of student achievement in 52 Newark, New Jersey, public elementary schools. Data consisted of information collected from questionnaires (for principals, teachers, and students) and school records, and of student reading and math achievement scores. Variables found to have a direct effect on student achievement included: (1) teacher expectations; (2) classroom instruction time; (3) frequency and amount of homework; (4) flexibility in grouping; (5) student attendance; (6) teacher absenteeism; (7) teacher commitment; (8) student morale; and (9) student aspiration. Variables found to have an indirect impact on achievement were staff competence; job codification; amount of communication and administrative support; teacher support of students; and frequency of administrative evaluation of teachers. The socioeconomic makeup of the student population was also found to affect student achievement and to affect organizational attributes of schools. (GC)