Part 2 of a three-part volume for research and development systems researchers, this report attempts to apply the contextual analysis framework of research, development, and innovation (RD & I) activities presented in Part 1. The authors make a detailed analysis of RD & I activities in the sectors of education, civilian aviation, health, and criminal justice. RD & I in each sector is analyzed in terms of each of the contextual features of RD & I identified in Part 1. The important features of RD & I examined are environmental influences; historical development; institutional base; goals, policies, and strategies; administrative processes; personnel base; funding; information flow; and innovations. The functions of RD & I examined in each sector are need identification, generation or research, development, production, marketing or dissemination, acquisition, implementation and utilization, support services, and evaluation research. A final chapter presents in table form a comparative summary of the contextual analyses of all four sectors. The table is intended to provide insight into the similarities and differences in RD & I across sectors. (Author/JM)