This IRCD Bulletin issue contains two brief papers. One, on contingency management, describes the application of this aspect of operant conditioning theory to the manipulation of behavior through reinforcement methods. Examples of the technique of managing high and low probability behaviors are offered as it is used with preschool children, disadvantaged youngsters, adolescents, American Indian preschool children, a nontalking retardate, and a 16-year old inmate of a mental hospital. The second article discusses the use of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test with shy and nonverbal children in a nursery school - day care center. Three cases illustrate the need for preparing these children for test-taking through such methods of over-coming shyness as contingency management. (NH)