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Herrmann-Abell, Cari F.; DeBoer, George E. – Grantee Submission, 2018
This study tests a hypothesized learning progression for the concept of energy. It looks at 14 specific ideas under the categories of (i) Energy Forms and Transformations; (ii) Energy Transfer; (iii) Energy Dissipation and Degradation; and (iv) Energy Conservation. It then examines students' growth of understanding within each of these ideas at…
Descriptors: Energy, Science Instruction, Concept Formation, Energy Conservation
Özkan, Yesim Özer; Güvendir, Meltem Acar – Journal of Pedagogical Research, 2021
Large scale assessment is conducted at different class levels for various purposes such as identifying student success in education, observing the impacts of educational reforms on student achievement, assessment, selection, and placement. It is expected that these tests and their items are used in education do not display different traits with…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Test Bias, Student Evaluation, Test Items