In recent decades, a dramatic shift has occurred in higher education throughout much of the industrialized world. For the first time in history, women are completing more education than men. Through the 1970s, women lagged behind men in the number of tertiary degrees completed in most nations. Since the 1980s, women have begun to reach parity with men and, in many cases, surpassed men in terms of their educational attainment. Women's increasing success in tertiary completion could influence future gender inequalities within education or in other domains, such as the labor market or politics. The educational expectations of adolescents are a useful way to gauge young men's and women's perceptions about their future educational achievement, and gender differences in educational expectations can shed light on women's shifting educational status. In this article, the author documents cross-national patterns in gender differences in adolescents' educational expectations across a range of developed countries and examines how national-level features of education systems and attitudes toward gender equality influence gender differences in educational expectations. Using data from the 2003 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA 2005), the author finds that girls have higher educational expectations than boys in a majority of the 29 countries studied. (Contains 3 tables, 3 figures, and 9 footnotes.)