This monograph describes and compares the membership, organization, and policy-making responsibilities of state boards of education in the 49 states that have them. First, board members' characteristics, their civic activities, and their reasons for serving are discussed. Second, a total of 10 distinct governance models are identified, although 3 of these are applicable to 38 states and the District of Columbia. These models describe the selection and structure of state boards and their niches in state government. The final section discusses the various boards' procedures and their responsibilities in a number of policy areas, including academic standards, equal opportunity, finance, and school district organization. The report includes data tables and organizational diagrams. (MCG)