A multiple-baseline-across-subjects study found that training in self-management reduced the inappropriate verbalizations of two middle school students with learning disabilities in a special class setting. The students also progressed more rapidly through the classroom token-economy levels system, designed to improve academic and social skills…

Reports on attempts to apply certain techniques of learning theory, including the use of social and tangible reinforcers, a token economy system, point exchange system, and a chart system. (Author)

A youngster who excessively watched television was placed on a modified token economy: earned tokens were used to activate the television for set periods of time. Positive effects resulted in the child's school work, in the amount of time his family spent together, and in his mother's perception of family social support. (KH)

Early elementary inclusive classrooms present teachers with demanding responsibilities. The wide range of student backgrounds, ability levels, and previous school experiences require a well-managed classroom that maximizes instructional time. Teachers reported spending more time addressing disruptive behaviors than they thought they should. One…

Describes the implementation of a token economy as a method of controlling student behavior in an elementary school. Emphasizes student participation and discusses board issues such as teacher resistance to the program and the question of evaluation. (IRT)

A Copy, Cover, and Compare procedure was found to produce large improvements in the accuracy of the multiplication facts of two middle school students with attention deficit disorder or attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. The addition of a token economy program produced only small improvements in performance. (Author/PB)

Four principals were trained to supervise the implementation of a positively-oriented, token economy in all normal classrooms in their schools. Pre and post-implementation behavioral observations of teacher-delivered positive and negative events, student disruptions, and student involvement indicated the program was successful. (Author/CP)

Problem behavior at school "interferes with the educational process and places a burden on teachers" (U.S. Department of Education 2002, p. III-17). Disciplinary problems have long been linked to negative outcomes for students with disabilities, such as course failure and dropping out of school (Wagner et al. 1991). Parents, administrators,…

The article describes the Behavior Management Level System (BMLS), a model program for emotionally disturbed adolescents combining a token economy approach with a hierarchial system of levels which provides an objective standard for graduation from the system. Points are accumulated as immediate reinforcers and traded for tangible or social…

Behavior of eight emotionally disturbed boys improved dramatically after a school psychologist observed their class and suggested management techniques. The psychologist clarified the teacher's role as educator, not clinician; restructured the daily schedule; increased the teacher's understanding of reinforcement; and implemented a token economy…

This article examines and evaluates the various ways school personnel can assist and work effectively with children with attention deficit disorders. Classroom management procedures and behavioral interventions are outlined, such as setting clear rules, using a token economy, contingency contracting, applying consequences, teaching self-management…

Girls (11-15 years old) with behavior problems have been involved in a behavior modification (token economy) program designed to provide in-depth assessment, individualized treatment, and transitions to less restrictive environments. (CL)

Examined relationship between on-task behaviors and standardized achievement among emotionally disturbed or behavior disordered students. Forty emotionally disturbed or behavior disordered elementary school students participated in token economy for one academic year. Noted minimal pre-post achievement gains and high level of on-task behavior; no…

In order to evaluate the impact of a token economy behavior modification program implemented from 1970-71 in the Albuquerque Indian School (AIS), a secondary institution, a five-member evaluation team assessed standardized test results, behavioral data, and student and staff attitudes. A battery of tests (Tennessee Self-Concept Scale, SRA…

This report describes an eighteen-month postrelease followup of 142 young male offenders released from Draper Correctional Center in Elmore, Alabama. The basic objectives of the study were the analysis of criminal behavior and the evaluation of institutional treatment programs. Men who had participated in Manpower Development and Training (MDT)…