Early childhood provision in England is undergoing a period of expansion and change. Policy for English early years education and care is based on principles of serving children in need rather than entitlement for all. The result is a two-tier system of private and state provision. Music has benefited from this increase in interest and investment. There is a range of professionals from varying backgrounds and organizations who provide early years music instruction. However, in the absence of stipulated qualifications, systems of accountability, or quality assurance, practice is variable. New practice guidance, setting standards for learning, development, and care from birth to five years of age, will soon be introduced. The author discusses this guidance, addressing both its shortcomings and potential for positive change.