Arts-based programs have improved HIV-related knowledge, attitudes, and behavior in general and at-risk populations. With HIV transformed into a chronic condition, this study compares patients at consecutive stages of receiving antiretroviral treatment, coinciding with exposure to a radio-and-theater-based educational program (unexposed [N = 120], just exposed [N = 77], Exposed a month ago [N = 60]). Exposure was associated with significantly higher HIV-related knowledge (15-20%, all p less than 0.01), lower levels of stigma (2-7% lower, all p less than 0.10), and over four times the adjusted odds of asking doctors questions about HIV (p = 0.07). Higher dose of exposure was associated with lower felt stigma (28% reduction per message recalled), greater odds of consistent condom use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.12, p = 0.01), doctor-patient communication (AOR: 1.20, p = 0.003), peer advice-giving (AOR: 1.18, p = 0.03) and HIV-related advocacy (AOR: 2.35, p = 0.07). Similar partnerships between arts-based nongovernmental organizations and government hospitals may improve patient outcomes in HIV treatment settings.