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Strömbäck, Filip; Mannila, Linda; Kamkar, Mariam – Informatics in Education, 2021
Concurrency is often perceived as difficult by students. One reason for this may be due to the fact that abstractions used in concurrent programs leave more situations undefined compared to sequential programs (e.g., in what order statements are executed), which makes it harder to create a proper mental model of the execution environment. Students…
Descriptors: College Students, Programming, Programming Languages, Concept Formation
Haglund, Pontus; Strömbäck, Filip; Mannila, Linda – Informatics in Education, 2021
Controlling complexity through the use of abstractions is a critical part of problem solving in programming. Thus, becoming proficient with procedural and data abstraction through the use of user-defined functions is important. Properly using functions for abstraction involves a number of other core concepts, such as parameter passing, scope and…
Descriptors: Computer Science Education, Programming, Programming Languages, Problem Solving
Izu, Cruz; Mirolo, Claudio; Settle, Amber; Mannila, Linda; Stupuriene, Gabriele – Informatics in Education, 2017
Although there is no universal agreement that students should learn programming, many countries have reached a consensus on the need to expose K-12 students to Computational Thinking (CT). When, what and how to teach CT in schools are open questions and we attempt to address them by examining how well students around the world solved problems in…
Descriptors: Computation, Thinking Skills, Elementary Secondary Education, Performance
Mannila, Linda – Informatics in Education, 2010
In this paper, we analyze the errors novice students make when developing invariant based programs. In addition to presenting the general error types, we also look at what students have difficulty with when it comes to expressing invariants. The results indicate that an introductory course utilizing the invariant based approach is suitable from…
Descriptors: Novices, Error Patterns, Difficulty Level, Introductory Courses