This paper considers the common association between marital problems and depression and describes the cognitive and behavioral factors which are common to these two problems. A set of cognitive behavioral interventions is presented, a treatment procedure which addresses cognitive and behavioral factors at the intrapersonal and interpersonal levels is described, and treatment limitations and possible solutions to problems that may arise in treatment implementation are discussed. The interventions presented, which focus on modifying spouses' distorted causal attributions, include logical analysis, review of past and current concrete evidence, and the use of behavioral experiments to test assumptions. Since treatment combines individual and conjoint sessions, strategies are given for conducting each type of session. Specific therapeautic issues and procedures for use with depressed and nondepressed spouses are described. Methods of reducing clients' tendencies to view their marital problems in terms of unidimensional causality is reviewed, as are methods for modifying spouses' self-fulfilling negative prophecies about their relationship. Techniques for modifying unrealistic beliefs about individual and marital functioning are outlined. Possible solutions to common problems such as depression in both spouses, an unavailable partner, chronic aversive marital interaction, and problematic therapist characteristics are presented. (Author/ABB)