The Real Education for Healthy Youth Act (S. 1782/H.R. 3324), introduced in November 2011 by Senator Frank Lautenberg (D-NJ) and Representative Barbara Lee (D-CA), would ensure that federal funding is allocated to comprehensive sexual health education programs that provide young people with the skills and information they need to make informed, responsible, and healthy decisions. This legislation sets forth a vision for comprehensive sexual health education programs in the United States. This paper answers the following questions: (1) What would the Real Education for Healthy Youth Act do?; (2) Who is provided funding under the Real Education for Healthy Youth Act? and (3) Why is the Real Education for Healthy Youth Act necessary?