This article presents the dialogue from a roundtable discussion on the principles of science education in today's school held by "Pedagogika" in March 2004. Participants were as follows: from the Russian Academy of Education: V.P. Borisenkov, doctor of pedagogical sciences, professor, vice president of the Russian Academy of Education, and editor in chief of the journal "Pedagogika"; V.V. Kraevskii, doctor of pedagogical sciences, professor, and academician of the Russian Academy of Education; A.V. Khutorskoi, doctor of pedagogical sciences, professor, and deputy director for science work at the Institute of the Content and Methods of Instruction; G.N. Filonov, doctor of philosophical sciences, professor, and acting academic secretary of the Russian Academy of Education; P.I. Pidkasistyi, doctor of pedagogical sciences, professor at Moscow State Oblast University, and corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Education; V.M. Monakhov, doctor of pedagogical sciences, professor, department head at the Moscow M.A. Sholokhov State Open Pedagogical University, and corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Education; M.V. Ryzhakov, doctor of pedagogical sciences, professor, director of the Institute of the Content and Methods of Instruction, Russian Academy of Education, and corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Education; E.V. Berezhnova, doctor of pedagogical sciences and laboratory head at the Institute of Educational Administration. From the Moscow N.E. Bauman State Technical University: A.O. Karpov, candidate of physics and mathematics and chief of the "Youth Educational and Science Programs and Projects" administration; N.G. Bagdasar'ian, doctor of philosophical sciences, professor, faculty dean, and head of the department of sociology and culturology; V.N. Naumov, doctor of technical sciences, professor, and deputy department head; V.S. Zarubin, doctor of technical sciences, professor, and department head; A.M. Makarov, doctor of technical sciences, and department professor; L.G. Bogatyrev, candidate of biological sciences and department associate professor at Moscow M.V. Lomonosov State University. The roundtable was conducted by the journal's editor in chief V.P. Borisenkov.