Research data on the dynamics of ethnocultural adaptation of migrant family students in Moscow schools shows a tension between assimilation and retention of one's cultural background. Ethnic differences create barriers between those of Russian and non-Russian ethnicity, including difficulties with language and the widespread phenomenon of withdrawal into their own culture and narrow circle, as well as lack of a tolerant social and educational environment. Helping children overcome these barriers could guarantee their successful adaptation and reduce cultural distance. (Contains 2 tables.) [This article was translated by Kim Braithwaite.]