In August of 1996 Congress passed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), which President Bill Clinton then signed into law. This essay will address the question, how have American Indian reservation residents fared in relation to the new work requirements? The authors are interested in the consequences of this requirement for all the stakeholders and, therefore, examine the perspectives of clients, employers, and program directors. Additional research questions include, how have these stakeholders adapted to meet the new work requirements, and what are the impacts of their efforts? The research focuses on a specific population, the Northern Cheyenne Nation, located in southeastern Montana, which recently became the poorest of the seven reservations in Montana, with 65 percent of the households living below the poverty level. Therefore, this case study is useful not only in detailing how a particular population has been affected by welfare reform but also in assessing possible implications of welfare work requirements for other reservation communities that may face similar circumstances. While the findings of the research corroborate the results of other studies of American Indian client experiences with the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) program, the research provides additional information by addressing the experiences of reservation clients served by a state TANF program, as well as the TANF program personnel and the employers who implement and enforce the new work requirement. These findings contribute to new understandings of whether TANF "works" in reservation contexts. (Contains 1 table and 67 notes.)