Reviews the history of the language controversy in Puerto Rico from the United States takeover of the island in 1898 through the 1991 and 1993 language laws that eliminated and then restored English as an official language. The article emphasizes the shifting ways that language has served as a symbolic maker. (47 references) (Author/CK)

Migrant Puerto Rican children born or raised in the United States who moved to Puerto Rico during adolescence experienced drastic changes in their self-esteem and self-identity; in family and interpersonal relations; and in their relations with broader aspects of the new environment, including its physical, interpersonal, and cultural dimensions.…

Previous research suggests that most Puerto Rican students who have spent some years in the United States and then returned to Puerto Rico generally experience cultural adjustment problems, language difficulties, low self-esteem, and identity crises. This study compared attitudes of Puerto Rican return migrant students (those who have returned to…

A representative sampling of male Puerto Rican youths was studied in order to analyze post-counterculture attitudes toward family, society, school, drugs, use of leisure time and future aspirations. The counterculture of the 1960s is described, with the implication that changes brought about by this movement influenced current youth attitudes in…

The question of race among Puerto Ricans in the United States in the 20th century is explored in this paper. The multiracial character of Puerto Ricans is examined by reviewing Puerto Rico's migration history. Eighteen major works written between 1917 and 1971 on Puerto Ricans are reviewed to discern common racial themes. The methodology of the…

Observations of the contrasts between Puerto Rican and Anglo nonverbal communication patterns, and their relevance in the classroom, are outlined and discussed. A general observation is that what is acceptable and permissible in one culture is usually not in the other, and teachers are urged to develop ways of making Anglo and Latin American…

Discusses the use of feminist therapy with mainland Puerto Rican women, presenting clinical vignettes. Emphasizes the consideration of sociocultural context, including the experience of cross-cultural translocation, transculturation, the colonial background of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rican sex roles, power issues and Puertorriquenas' sense of…

Eight students taking English as a Second Language in a Puerto Rican university kept dialog journals in which they discussed English as a symbol of U.S. colonial domination of Puerto Rico and the erosion of Puerto Rican cultural identity, the relative importance of English and Spanish, and contradictions related to U.S. citizenship and the need…

Discusses the cultural identity and experiences of Puerto Ricans residing in New York City. Explores, through excerpts of poetry by "Nuyoricans," the themes of assimilation, attachment to the island of Puerto Rico, relations with Black and White New Yorkers, and bilingualism. (GC)

This dissertation presents a phenomenological analysis of the concept of Puerto Rican cultural identity. The body of the thesis is in Spanish, but it includes an appended summary in English. In chapter one, the concept of identity, self-evaluation and culture are analyzed. Chapter two studies the ethno-historical perspective of the Puerto Rican…

The Bem Sex Role Inventory was completed by 763 Black, White, and Puerto Rican college students. About half of total males and females were classified as androgynous. Compared to other women, Black women scored highest on the masculine scale. Compared to other men, Puerto Rican men in Puerto Rico and the mainland scored higher on the femininity…

Among Puerto Ricans who have migrated to the United States, a significant number have returned to Puerto Rico, while others shuttle between Puerto Rico and the United States. These groups of people are identified as return migrants. Studies suggest that return migrant youth in Puerto Rico have had to make environmental and cultural adjustments…

In this paper Puerto Rico's history as one of colonial oppression and a struggle for national self-definition is described. The divergent conceptions of patriotism, national liberation, and human freedom as voiced by leaders of the national elite and of the Puerto Rican working class are discussed in terms of traditional themes in the culture.…

The first of a two-part article on the issue of identity as it relates to color and race in Puerto Rican life. (RJ)

Second part of a two-part series which began in the Winter 1972 issue of The Rican.'' The issue of identity as it relates to race and color in Puerto Rican life is very important. The myth that Puerto Rico is a kind of human relations paradise where racism is nonexistent has to be exploded. (Author/RJ)