Prior studies have established that children's peer relationships and school adjustment are associated. The main aims of the current study were to test if four measures of peer relationships (Peer Acceptance, Presence/Absence of Best Friend, Number of Friends, and Perceived Peer Support) could predict School Liking concurrently and longitudinally across a 6 month period, and if gender moderated any of those associations. An opportunistic sample of girls and boys (N = 429 at Time 1 and N = 214 at Time 2) was drawn from 10 junior schools in the UK. A short-term longitudinal survey design was employed in which self- and peer-report measures were administered in small groups at Time 1 (November/December) and then again at Time 2 (May/June) of the same academic year. Concurrently, all four peer relationship variables emerged as significant non-unique predictors (i.e. not controlling for variance shared among the predictors) of School Liking; Peer Acceptance and Perceived Peer Support emerged as significant unique predictors (i.e. after controlling for variance shared among the predictors) of School Liking; the set of four peer relationship variables together accounted for a significant amount of variance in School Liking; and gender moderated the association between Peer Acceptance and School Liking. Longitudinally, Peer Acceptance was a significant unique predictor of changes in School Liking. This study adds to the literature by providing evidence of which specific peer relationships predict School Liking, and they support the call for interventions to enhance those relationships.