Twenty-four sets of specially prepared teaching materials were used to determine the effects of immediate versus delayed knowledge of results on initial learning and retention of selected related learnings in transcription classes. Initial learning was measured by scores on quizzes given immediately after the administration of each set of teaching…

This paper reviews some methodological problems in assessing the age distribution of depression, catalogues and summarizes the findings of various epidemiological surveys, and discusses the implications of these findings from the view point of public health, clinical diagnosis, and research into the etiology of depression. (Author)

High school students read textual passages organized around a semantic, temporal, or random theme. Free recall, semantically, and temporally-cued tests measured recall. During free recall, the organized passages yielded greater recall. For the cued tests, more words were remembered when the passage organization matched the type of test cue.…

The context in which directives were given in parent-child interactions was studied for two years in six families with Down syndrome children and four families with nonretarded children, beginning at age 12 months. Differences found when children were matched on chronological age essentially disappeared when mental age was considered. (Author/JW)

The effects of teaching experience and instruction on visual retention and knowledge of selected sports skills were investigated. Thirty-one experienced teachers and 29 undergraduates received 30 hours of instruction and were administered pre- and posttests to assess visual retention of performance and knowledge. Results and conclusions are…

Research on similarity between counselor and client was reviewed to determine the effect on counseling process and outcome. Little evidence was found that membership-group or personality similarity contributes significantly to counseling effectiveness, and too few studies on cognitive similarity have been conducted to draw conclusions. (Author/ABB)

This study was designed to examine to what degree teacher candidates who have not taught share the charactertistics of influential teachers as defined by five characteristics involving personal and professional attributes. The pre-teacher performance profile was markedly similar to that of influential teachers. Implications are discussed. (MT)

Examined how assessments of role behavior in the family and relative deprivation in work-family situations were linked with depression among homemakers (N=130) and employed married women (N=135). Results showed that negative evaluations of role behavior in the family were more depressing to homemakers than to employed women. (NRB)

Proposes a measure to evaluate the agreement between Holland's Self-Directed Search (SDS) and occupational preference with students (N=42) seeking vocational guidance. Results showed that the proposed index of agreement is applicable to the SDS and to any situation where ranked (ordinal) data is partially recorded. (LLL)

A study was conducted to assess the differences in beginning second-grade students' recalls after reading a story with a well-formed structure and after reading a story with little structure. Results indicated the importance of providing children with reading selections that conform to their expectations for well-structured stories. (HOD)

Examines the role of organization in adults' processing of stories. Canonical stories were better recalled than noncanonical stories by all three age groups (young, middle-aged, and old adults), and a variety of measures indicated that older adults' recall was both quantitatively and qualitatively similar to that of young adults. (SL)

Two experiments indicate that underlining is no more effective than repetitive reading in facilitating review of material before testing. (MB)

Differences in the recall of printed language patterns were explored with 156 Negro and Caucasian low-socioeconomic-status children. (Author)

Examined the effects of orienting task-controlled processing on text recall of younger, middle-aged, and older adults. Younger adults recalled more when recall was intentional or when preceded by a deep-orienting task. Middle-aged and older adults recalled more when recall was intentional regardless of depth of orienting task. (Author)

An advance organizer is a set of conceptual statements about the unifying ideas of a topic in terms already familiar to the learner. A study is reported that sought to determine whether two presentations of an advance organizer for a unit on pathogenic bacteria would result in increasing medical students' knowledge and ability to solve problems in…