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Swanson, H. Lee; Saez, Leilani; Gerber, Michael – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2006
This study investigated growth in reading, vocabulary, and memory in children (ages 5 to 10) learning English as a second language identified at risk for reading disabilities (RD). A growth curve analysis showed that RD children were significantly below children not at risk in English and Spanish reading, Spanish short-term memory (STM), Spanish…
Descriptors: Reading Improvement, Vocabulary Development, Memory, Spanish
Peer reviewed
Swanson, H. Lee; Shock, Joanne – Reading Psychology, 1993
Examines the memory coding processes of skilled and less skilled readers during the reading of connected text. Finds that, along with phonological coding, semantic processing contributes an important amount of variance to deficiencies in the reading of connected text. (RS)
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Grade 7, Junior High Schools, Phonemes
Peer reviewed
Swanson, H. Lee – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1984
A total of 15 learning-disabled and 15 skilled readers viewed three groups of nonsense pictures (unnamed, name-nonassociated, and name-associated), then recalled them later. Results suggested learning disabled children's reading difficulties are due to an inability to activate a semantic representation that interconnects visual and verbal codes.…
Descriptors: Children, Comparative Analysis, Imagery, Learning Disabilities
Peer reviewed
Swanson, H. Lee; Mullen, Robert C. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1983
Examines, in 9- and 12-year-olds, two theories of disabled readers' memory deficiencies. Subjects were compared on diotic and dichotic listening tasks for recall of semantically organized, phonemically organized, and categorically unrelated wordlists. Dependent measures included free recall, serial recall, recall organization, and hierarchical…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cerebral Dominance, Children, Cognitive Ability