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Swanson, H. Lee – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1984
A total of 15 learning-disabled and 15 skilled readers viewed three groups of nonsense pictures (unnamed, name-nonassociated, and name-associated), then recalled them later. Results suggested learning disabled children's reading difficulties are due to an inability to activate a semantic representation that interconnects visual and verbal codes.…
Descriptors: Children, Comparative Analysis, Imagery, Learning Disabilities
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Swanson, H. Lee – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1993
Investigated how working memory differences between learning-disabled and nondisabled children reflect a specific or generalized deficit and whether limitations in enhancement of learning-disabled student's working memory performance are attributable to process or storage functions. Results suggest that learning-disabled suffer generalized working…
Descriptors: Children, Cognitive Ability, Cognitive Processes, Comparative Analysis
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Swanson, H. Lee – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2003
Examined whether age-related working memory deficits in learning disabled (LD) readers across four age groups (7, 10, 13, and 20) reflected retrieval efficiency or storage capacity problems. Found that LD readers' working memory performance was inferior to skilled readers' on verbal and visual-spatial working memory tasks across all ages.…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Age Differences, Children, Comparative Analysis