This report examines programmes for youth that combine learning in classrooms with participation in work in 10 Mediterranean countries: Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Syria, Tunisia and Turkey. It is one element, together with the development of a network of policymakers and experts from the 10 participants, a study visit to the Netherlands and a peer learning review visit to Turkey, of an ETF project on work-based learning for youth in the Mediterranean region. In turn this is part of a wider project, taking place over several years, on education and training for employment in the region. One of the key objectives of the project is to help the countries of the region learn from one another's experiences as a way of improving both policy and practice. The report is based on 10 national reports that used a common analytical framework, on field visits to four of the countries, on a study visit to the Netherlands, and on meetings of national experts and policymakers. Its analytical framework focuses both on ways in which institutional and systemic factors influence the scale and character of work-based learning programmes, and on the impact of incentives and social capital (networks, trust, cooperation). It examines a wide range of programmes, some that are called apprenticeships and many that have other titles but which share some of the same characteristics. Appended are: (1) National programme profiles; (2) Comparative statistics; (3) Summary of key legislation covering work-based learning for youth; and (4) Benchmarking criteria for quality in apprenticeship of the European Association of Craft, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (UEAPME). (Contains 1 table, 4 figures and 26 footnotes.)