The knowledge base that defines exercise physiology is central to the discipline of kinesiology. By the late 19th century, interest in physical training, physical education, and sports began to emerge in the United States. By the beginning of the 20th century, exercise physiology was being included in college physical education degree programs, and by the end of World War II had become an integral part of the curriculum. Today exercise physiology has developed into a major field of study with many sub-areas of investigation. Although the information and knowledge base in exercise physiology has increased in depth and scope, it is grounded in the fundamentals of biology and human physiology. The basic goal of an exercise physiology course designed for the kinesiology major should provide the student with an understanding of how the physiological systems involved in physical activity respond to an acute bout of exercise, and how these systems adapt to various modes of exercise training and environmental conditions. Course requirements to meet this goal are provided. (Contains 1 table and 1 figure.)