The physical abuse of children is a serious and growing problem. In spite of increasing knowledge and skill in treating physical abuse, many professionals continue to be dissatisfied with the effectiveness of treatment. This study examined the myths and beliefs about abuse and abusers and the theoretical models of cause and treatment that are preferred by professionals who are involved in treating abuse that may directly or indirectly contribute to less effective treatment. Twenty-three psychologists and 64 social workers were surveyed by means of an 84-item questionnaire concerning some of these myths associated with physical abuse. The results showed that some mental health professionals may subscribe to myths, beliefs, or theoretical models that may limit their effectiveness in working with abuse situations. This possibility suggests that professionals working with abusive clients and abuse victims could be more effective if they would probe their own ideas, concepts, and beliefs about abuse on an ongoing basis. (ABL)