The influence of sex and androgyny on the emergence of small group leadership was studied. The subjects, 38 male and 28 female college students, were pretested on several personality measures, including Sargent and Miller's Leadership Questionnaire and Bem's Sex Role Inventory. Leadership in task and social situations was measured after four group meetings with the Spillman Fuzzy Leadership Matrix (FLM), which each group member used to rate all possible pairs of other group members. One of the most consistent findings was that personality variables influenced leadership emergence only during the initial stages of group interaction. Biological sex and psychological androgyny strongly affected leadership emergence during the first two group sessions, but their influence was minimal during the final two sessions. Contrary to expectations, females emerged as both task and social leaders, possibly because most of the females in the study exhibited masculine or androgynous sex characteristics. This would indicate that the best characterization of social and task leaders is via psychological sex type rather than biological sex. Since sex and sex type accounted for less than 15% of the total variance in leadership structure, other factors appeared to have greater effects on leadership emergence. (RL)