This paper describes the introduction of an open-access preprint server in China covering 43 disciplines. The system includes mandatory deposit for state-funded research and reports on the repository and its effectiveness and outlines a novel process of peer-review of preprints in the repository, which can be incorporated into the established system of promotion and tenure. This state-initiated innovation is considered to have been well incorporated into the established scientific communication system despite the sociological differences between the various disciplines served by the repository. (Contains 3 figures and 2 tables.)