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Hayworth, Kenneth J.; Lescroart, Mark D.; Biederman, Irving – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2011
Late ventral visual areas generally consist of cells having a significant degree of translation invariance. Such a "bag of features" representation is useful for the recognition of individual objects; however, it seems unable to explain our ability to parse a scene into multiple objects and to understand their spatial relationships. We…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Neurological Organization, Recognition (Psychology), Models
Gross, Rachel G.; McMillan, Corey T.; Chandrasekaran, Keerthi; Dreyfuss, Michael; Ash, Sharon; Avants, Brian; Cook, Philip; Moore, Peachie; Libon, David J.; Siderowf, Andrew; Grossman, Murray – Brain and Cognition, 2012
Prior work has related sentence processing to executive deficits in non-demented patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). We extended this investigation to patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and PD dementia (PDD) by examining grammatical and working memory components of sentence processing in the full range of patients with Lewy body…
Descriptors: Sentences, Grammar, Dementia, Diseases
Dick, Anthony Steven; Tremblay, Pascale – Brain, 2012
The growing consensus that language is distributed into large-scale cortical and subcortical networks has brought with it an increasing focus on the connectional anatomy of language, or how particular fibre pathways connect regions within the language network. Understanding connectivity of the language network could provide critical insights into…
Descriptors: Anatomy, Primatology, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Language Processing
Park, Joonkoo; Hebrank, Andrew; Polk, Thad A.; Park, Denise C. – Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2012
The visual recognition of letters dissociates from the recognition of numbers at both the behavioral and neural level. In this article, using fMRI, we investigate whether the visual recognition of numbers dissociates from letters, thereby establishing a double dissociation. In Experiment 1, participants viewed strings of consonants and Arabic…
Descriptors: Evidence, Numbers, Brain, Individual Differences
Siniatchkin, Michael; Groppa, Sergey; Jerosch, Bettina; Muhle, Hiltrud; Kurth, Christoph; Shepherd, Alex J.; Siebner, Hartwig; Stephani, Ulrich – Brain, 2007
Photosensitivity or photoparoxysmal response (PPR) is a highly heritable electroencephalographic trait characterized by an abnormal cortical response to intermittent photic stimulation (IPS). In PPR-positive individuals, IPS induces spikes, spike-waves or intermittent slow waves. The PPR may be restricted to posterior visual areas (i.e. local PPR…
Descriptors: Females, Stimulation, Seizures, Medicine
Kates, Wendy R.; Bansal, Ravi; Fremont, Wanda; Antshel, Kevin M.; Hao, Xuejun; Higgins, Anne Marie; Liu, Jun; Shprintzen, Robert J.; Peterson, Bradley S. – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2011
Objective: Velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS; 22q11.2 deletion syndrome) represents one of the highest known risk factors for schizophrenia. Insofar as up to 30% of individuals with this genetic disorder develop schizophrenia, VCFS constitutes a unique, etiologically homogeneous model for understanding the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Method:…
Descriptors: Genetic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Models, Longitudinal Studies
Kanske, Philipp; Plitschka, Jan; Kotz, Sonja A. – Neuropsychologia, 2011
Attention can be oriented to different spatial locations yielding faster processing of attended compared to unattended stimuli. Similarly attention can be oriented to a semantic category such as "animals" or "tools". Words from the attended category will also be recognized faster than words from an unattended category. Here, we asked whether it is…
Descriptors: Attention, Psychological Patterns, Stimuli, Cues
Gureckis, Todd M.; James, Thomas W.; Nosofsky, Robert M. – Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2011
Recent fMRI studies have found that distinct neural systems may mediate perceptual category learning under implicit and explicit learning conditions. In these previous studies, however, different stimulus-encoding processes may have been associated with implicit versus explicit learning. The present design was aimed at decoupling the influence of…
Descriptors: Incidental Learning, Learning Processes, Diagnostic Tests, Brain Hemisphere Functions
Joseph, Jane E.; Gathers, Ann D.; Bhatt, Ramesh S. – Developmental Science, 2011
Face processing undergoes a fairly protracted developmental time course but the neural underpinnings are not well understood. Prior fMRI studies have only examined progressive changes (i.e. increases in specialization in certain regions with age), which would be predicted by both the Interactive Specialization (IS) and maturational theories of…
Descriptors: Specialization, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Development, Prediction
Sui, Jie; Chechlacz, Magdalena; Humphreys, Glyn W. – Cognition, 2012
Facial self-awareness is a basic human ability dependent on a distributed bilateral neural network and revealed through prioritized processing of our own over other faces. Using non-prosopagnosic patients we show, for the first time, that facial self-awareness can be fractionated into different component processes. Patients performed two face…
Descriptors: Evidence, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Neurological Impairments, Patients
Kyriakopoulos, Marinos; Dima, Danai; Roiser, Jonathan P.; Corrigall, Richard; Barker, Gareth J.; Frangou, Sophia – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2012
Objective: Disruption within the working memory (WM) neural network is considered an integral feature of schizophrenia. The WM network, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in particular, undergo significant remodeling in late adolescence. Potential interactions between developmental changes in the WM network and disease-related…
Descriptors: Schizophrenia, Adolescent Development, Neurological Organization, Adolescents
Turk, David J.; van Bussel, Kim; Brebner, Joanne L.; Toma, Andreea S.; Krigolson, Olav; Handy, Todd C. – Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2011
Previous research has demonstrated that higher-order cognitive processes associated with the allocation of selective attention are engaged when highly familiar self-relevant items are encountered, such as one's name, face, personal possessions and the like. The goal of our study was to determine whether these effects on attentional processing are…
Descriptors: Attention, Bias, Ownership, Cognitive Processes
Redcay, Elizabeth; Haist, Frank; Courchesne, Eric – Developmental Science, 2008
A pivotal period in the development of language occurs in the second year of life, when language comprehension undergoes rapid acceleration. However, the brain bases of these advances remain speculative as there is currently no functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from healthy, typically developing toddlers at this age. We…
Descriptors: Diagnostic Tests, Toddlers, Auditory Perception, Cognitive Processes
Burke, Melanie Rose; Barnes, Graham R. – Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2011
A previous study has shown that actively pursuing a moving target provides a predictive motor advantage when compared with passive observation of the moving target while keeping the eyes still [Burke, M. R., & Barnes, G. R. Anticipatory eye movements evoked after active following versus passive observation of a predictable motion stimulus. "Brain…
Descriptors: Observation, Eye Movements, Brain, Inhibition
Hartley, Alan A.; Jonides, John; Sylvester, Ching-Yune C. – Brain and Cognition, 2011
fMRI was used to explore age differences in the neural substrate of dual-task processing. Brain activations when there was a 100 ms SOA between tasks, and task overlap was high, were contrasted with activations when there was a 1000 ms SOA, and first task processing was largely complete before the second task began. Younger adults (M = 21 yrs)…
Descriptors: Older Adults, Age Differences, Cognitive Processes, Young Adults