This paper addresses the issues concerning latchkey children in the United States and the need for parents, schools, and communities to support special programs for these children. It is emphasized that although these children have received increased attention, research findings have not conclusively shown what types of programs will best meet the needs of the latchkey situation. Research has shown, however, that each community must develop a program that responds to local problems and is tailored to local needs. Future research on latchkey children should examine the environment in which children live and the attributes that affect their personal and social development. Preliminary research has indicated that latchkey children under self-care face many risks, including negative feeling, insecurity, accidents, abuse, neglect, and fear. Also discussed is the responsibility of parents and of communities to find a solution to the dilemma of the nation's latchkey children, particularly in terms of supporting school-sponsored after-school care programs and community-sponsored family day-care programs. (DST)