This document talks about immigrant children, who are defined here as either children born in another country (within or outside Europe) or children whose parents or grandparents were born in another country. So the term "immigrant children" used here covers various situations, which can be referred to in other contexts as "newly-arrived children", "migrant children" or "children of immigrant background". Such children may be born to families with different legal status in the host country--families with full rights of residence and refugee status, asylum seeking families, or families without any rights of residence. Children from families who have been settled in the host country for more than two generations do not come within the scope of the paper. Measures specifically targeting migrants within a country, such as the Roma and various kinds of travellers, and those aimed at ethnic or national minority groups are not subject to a comparative analysis in this paper. However, such measures are mentioned when children from immigrant families benefit from them, and there are no alternative measures targeted at immigrant communities. The information provided relates to the reference year 2007/08. It comes from questionnaires filled in by the national units of the Eurydice network, other than Turkey. It covers pre-primary, primary and secondary levels of general education, provided by the public sector or the subsidised private sector (Belgium, Ireland and the Netherlands). Statistical data provided by Eurostat, the PISA and PIRLS 2006 surveys and certain national sources are also used. A glossary is included. (Contains 7 figures and 11 footnotes.)