Research has begun to document the challenges faced by members of the U.S. military in deploying for war and reintegrating into life at home. But little is known about how wartime experience and parental deployments have affected the children from military families. This fact sheet summarizes a study that explored how these children fared academically, socially, and emotionally during an extended period of wartime. Results showed that children from military families studied may have experienced above-average levels of emotional and behavioral difficulties, relative to national norms. Further, longer periods of deployment were associated with greater levels of challenges both during deployment and afterward. [This fact sheet is based on: Chandra A, Lara-Cinisomo S, Jaycox L, Tanielian T, Burns R, Ruder T, and Han B, "Children on the Homefront: The Experience of Children from Military Families," "Pediatrics," Vol. 125, No. 1, 2010. It was produced by the RAND Center for Military Health Policy Research, a joint endeavor of RAND Health and the RAND National Security Research Division. Funding for this research was provided by the National Military Family Association.]