Virtual reality (VR) describes a set of technologies that allow users to explore and experience 3-dimensional computer-generated "worlds" or "environments." These virtual environments can contain representations of real or imaginary objects on a small or large scale (from modeling of molecular structures to buildings, streets, and scenery of a virtual city). Potential use in education was first considered in the early 1990s, when it was suggested that VR technology could provide powerful learning environments not available through other means (M. Bricken, 1991). A growing VR research community has since sought to examine the benefits of using this technology in mainstream and special needs education, as well as other learning environments. This article first presents a brief description of VR technology and its use in teaching and learning. VR can be used as a tool for communication, as a medium through which individuals express ideas, and for learning about communication, through guided training and rehearsal in simulated social scenarios. This article concentrates on the latter application and presents 4 research projects conducted by the Virtual Reality Applications Research Team and associated colleagues in special needs education since 1991. These projects involved the development and evaluation of virtual environment applications intended to support training for individuals with learning needs and communication difficulties in preparation for more independence in their everyday activities and communications in the community. (Contains 1 table and 12 figures.)