The principal assertion of this article is that Indigenous research methodologies should be used to develop educational policies and practices for Native students. The history of American educational research is marred by a near complete dismissal of Indigenous knowledge, as Western research methodologies continue to define the landscape of P-12 education decision making in the United States. The purpose of this article is to embrace inquiry that draws on the Indigenous wisdom germane to Native communities. Otherwise, our educational policy and practice may continue to be dictated by a Western orientation and methodologies that have neither served us well in our past nor will serve us well in the future. The article begins with a historical overview and then focuses on current issues affecting school leadership (P-12), as they relate to the education of American Indians, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians (and by extension, other Indigenous students). The article addresses the following areas: challenges to Western research methodologies, culturally relevant education, the development of school reform, and ideologies governing P-12 leadership development programs. To conclude, the article advances a rationale for including Indigenous research methodologies in the development of curriculum standards and testing programs.