A contrastive analysis (CA) does not require commitment to directionality. Even asymmetrical interlingual correspondence can be handled by adirectional statements. If well executed, a CA is capable of handling three pairs of L2 learning phenomena: (1) going from language A to language B and vice versa; (2) productive and receptive command; and (3) effects of L1 and L2 and vice versa. CAs are bilingual competence models of language, and have no jurisdiction over matters of performance. A competence model has to do with mental organization of linguistic knowledge, is speaker-hearer neutral, and is removed from real-time constraints. A bibliography is appended. (Author/JB)