The literature provides ample evidence of the relationship of substance abuse to crime. Research over the last 20 years has established a strong correlation between substance abuse and juvenile delinquency (held, 1998). Currently, there are more than 350,000 juveniles on probation and in continuing care programs in the U.S. who have substance abuse histories (75-95%) but who rarely receive appropriate treatment (Center for Substance Abuse Treatment/ Department of juvenile justice [CSAT/DJJ], 1999). Furthermore, 60% of the 1.7 million adjudicated youth in the United States each year experience some substance abuse related problem (Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2001). Systematic methods to assess the course and incidence of treatment across juvenile systems are in the early stage. However, a 1997 survey of juvenile correction facilities suggested that only 36% offered some type of substance abuse intervention (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, [SAMHSA], 1997). Substance abuse is one of the most common problems in the juvenile justice system, with prevalence estimates as high as 67 percent (Dembo et al., 1993). In fact, surveys of juvenile probation departments identified substance abuse intervention services as among the most critical expansion needs (National Council of juvenile justice, 1999). In 1999, there were 23,000 juveniles on probation in California. Crimes against persons were the major types of offenses, followed by property and drug crimes. Nearly 80% of these crimes were related to substance use by the offender and/or offenders were arrested for drug-related crimes.