This manual acquaints non-Chicano school counselors and educators with the difficulty of counseling Mexican American students due to the racist manifestations of cultural and racial stereotypes. Chapter 1, a general introduction, argues that counselors have often failed to effectively reach Chicano students because they have been insensitive to cultural differences, and have accepted the North American stereotypes about Mexican people. Moreover, many counselors have been influenced by social science literature that fails to create a realistic understanding of Chicanos and Mexicans as an ethnic group. Chapter 2 examines that literature and concludes that the Chicano and the Chicano family have been viewed and accepted in a vacuum, without consideration of the varied factors which continually influence them. Familial roles are superficially analyzed, theoretically and empirically, and a variety of factors such as socioeconomic status, level of education, and area of residence are not taken into account. The survey of research focuses on these themes: the values and structure of the Chicano family; the colonization of the Mexican people; the role of machismo; the myth of Chicano passive acceptance; the Chicano orientation toward cooperation and obligation; time orientation; and ethnic identity and the Chicano movement. Finally, Chapter 3 presents specific guidelines for counseling Chicanos, and includes a summary of a minority identity development model. In general, counselors are advised to be open to different and non-traditional approaches. (KH)