With the increasing focus on racial and ethnic diversity in studies of adolescence, this review highlights trends in this research over the past decade. Not only is the sheer number of studies incorporating diverse youth increasing, this research has penetrated many areas of the study of adolescence. Some of this research has attempted to recognize and also capture the contextual and/or sociocultural processes that may explain racial and ethnic diversity or differences among youth in the United States and other countries. Research examining sociocultural and contextual processes underlying racial and ethnic differences is especially evident in the areas of parenting and family socialization. A considerable amount of research on ethnic minority and immigrant youth has also been conducted on their ethnic identity and acculturation, including processes of ethnic identity development, discrimination experiences, and the role of ethnic identity and discrimination in relation to adolescents' well-being. The theoretical implications of this research will be addressed in terms of what we have learned from studying diverse youth and how this focus has contributed to our theories of adolescence.