Teaching is a professional job that requires expertise. The characteristics of the professionals can affect the quality of the profession. One of these characteristics is gender. In this study, the gender-related role of teaching profession in Turkey is examined. The analysis in a historical perspective of gender distributions of students who have teaching education and teachers employed in educational institutions and the gender debate in order to make teaching a profession are the subjects of this study. The basic data of the study is the official statistics and the literature on the profession with gender. Qualitative analysis performed on the data and change in the gender distribution of professionals, and the effects of this change on the reputation and the quality of the profession are evaluated in this study. Based on the findings of the study, it can be said that the teaching profession in Turkey tends to be a female profession and some of the teaching branches are associated with gender, and that this determines the status, reputation and effectiveness of teaching profession.