Finally--12 years into the 21st century--higher ed classrooms are turning into incubators for the kind of learning environment that curriculum and instructional technology experts have advocated for years. Yet a key question remains: Can legacy learning management systems (LMSs) be dragged into the 21st century as part of this new educational vision, or are they destined to be replaced by newer, more flexible learning platforms? While progressive faculty chip away at the LMS from the outside, LMS vendors are busy with their own work crews trying to create a more open floor plan. Blackboard, for example, rolled out CourseSites, a web-based tool that emphasizes collaboration, interaction, and openness. And, last fall, Desire2Learn released an update to its flagship platform that incorporates social networking tools such as Google+ and Facebook. For some faculty, however, these upgrades will be unable to remedy the fundamental flaw of legacy LMSs. In examining the state of the LMS market today, it's difficult not to draw a comparison to what has happened in the mobile phone industry. BlackBerry dominated for years, but it's now saddled with a legacy operating system that struggles to compete with iPhones and Androids built on more up-to-date tech backbones. The question for the legacy systems today is whether they can avoid a similar fate, by retooling their products to accommodate consumers whose tastes and styles have changed. One thing is for sure: The 20th century LMS is so last century. (Contains 1 online resource.)