Most of the papers in this volume stem from the Second International Conference on Mathematics Education conducted by the University of Chicago School Mathematics Project (UCSMP) and held in conjunction with the 66th Annual Meeting of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics in Chicago. Topics of the 25 papers contained in this document are grouped into three areas: (1) Part 1: "School Mathematics Curricula and the Reform Process"; (2) Part 2: "Research in Mathematics Education"; and (3) Part 3: "The University of Chicago School Mathematics Project." Papers in Part 1 include: (1) "The Dynamics of Curriculum Change" (Burkhardt, Fraser, Ridgway); (2) "The Reform of Mathematics Education at the Upper Secondary School Level in Japan" (Fujita Miwa, Becker); (3) "Teaching Mathematics in the Czechoslovak School System" (Mikulcak); (4) "Solid Mathematical Knowledge and Ability that May Be Readily Applied--What Every Student Must Learn: Mathematics Teaching in the German Democratic Republic" (Weber); (5) "Specifying a National Curriculum: Reflections on the English Experience" (Burkhardt); (6) "Mathematics Curriculum Reform--One Country's View" (Cockcroft); (7) "The Current State of School Mathematics Education in Belgium (Flanders)" (Ervynck); (8) "The Political Realities for Mathematics Education" (Dossey); (9) "Leading the Reform in Mathematics Education" (Frye); (10) "The Mathematical Sciences Education Board of the National Research Council" (Hill); and (11) Can the United States Afford Not to Have a National Mathematics Curriculum?" (Ralston). Among papers included in Part 2 are the following: (1) "The Role of Calculators and Computers in the Teaching of Mathematics" (Brolin); (2) "Some Aspects of Teaching Stochastics in Hungary" (Szendrei) and (3) "The Teaching of Fractions: A Challenge to Mathematical Education (Avila, Lluis, Mancera). Among papers included in Part 3 are the following: (1) "The Beliefs Underlying UCSMP" (Usiskin); (2) "Mathematics Specialists in the Elementary School" (Sheila Sconiers); and "Reflections on Evaluating Innovative Curriculum Projects" (Mathison). (MA)