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Thille, Patricia; Gibson, Barbara E.; Abrams, Thomas; McAdam, Laura C.; Mistry, Bhavnita; Setchell, Jenny – Advances in Health Sciences Education, 2018
For those with chronic, progressive conditions, high quality clinical care requires attention to the human dimensions of illness--emotional, social, and moral aspects--which co-exist with biophysical dimensions of disease. Reflexivity brings historical, institutional, and socio-cultural influences on clinical activities to the fore, enabling…
Descriptors: Chronic Illness, Reflection, Child Health, Rehabilitation
Rachidi, Mohammed; Lopes, Carmela – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2010
Down syndrome, the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability, is associated with brain disorders due to chromosome 21 gene overdosage. Molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the neuromorphological alterations and cognitive impairments are reported herein in a global model. Recent advances in Down syndrome research have lead to…
Descriptors: Down Syndrome, Pathology, Mental Retardation, Molecular Structure
Karmiloff-Smith, Annette – Developmental Psychology, 2009
This article argues that one dominant position in psychology, linguistics, neuroscience, and philosophy about how genetic disorders point to the innate specification of dissociated modules in the human brain should be replaced by a dynamic, neuroconstructivist approach in which genes, brain, cognition, and environment interact multidirectionally.…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Mental Age, Genetics
Crawford, Nicole A.; Schrock, Matthew; Woodruff-Borden, Janet – Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 2011
Research has traditionally focused on the role of genetic and environmental variables in the development and maintenance of childhood internalizing disorders. Temperament variables, such as negative affect and effortful control have gained considerable interest within the field of developmental psychopathology. Environmental factors such as…
Descriptors: Psychopathology, Older Adults, Parent Child Relationship, Personality
Wolock, Samuel L.; Yates, Andrew; Petrill, Stephen A.; Bohland, Jason W.; Blair, Clancy; Li, Ning; Machiraju, Raghu; Huang, Kun; Bartlett, Christopher W. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2013
Background: Numerous studies have examined gene × environment interactions (G × E) in cognitive and behavioral domains. However, these studies have been limited in that they have not been able to directly assess differential patterns of gene expression in the human brain. Here, we assessed G × E interactions using two publically available datasets…
Descriptors: Genetics, Smoking, Regression (Statistics), Brain
Nachmani, Ariela; Biadsee, Ameen; Masalha, Muhamed; Kassem, Firas – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2022
Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and types of compensatory articulations (CAs) in nonsyndromic patients with velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) and various palatal anomalies and to determine the relationship between the frequency of CAs, type of palatal anomaly, and phonological errors. Method: A total of 783 nonsyndromic,…
Descriptors: Articulation Impairments, Human Body, Articulation (Speech), Hebrew
Hammock, Elizabeth; Veenstra-VanderWeele, Jeremy; Yan, Zhongyu; Kerr, Travis M.; Morris, Marianna; Anderson, George M.; Carter, C. Sue; Cook, Edwin H.; Jacob, Suma – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2012
Objective: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heritable but highly heterogeneous neuropsychiatric syndrome, which poses challenges for research relying solely on behavioral symptoms or diagnosis. Examining biomarkers may give us ways to identify individuals who demonstrate specific developmental trajectories and etiological factors related to…
Descriptors: Animals, Autism, Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Brain
Sparrow, Robert – Disability & Society, 2010
This paper uses the fictional case of the "Babel fish" to explore and illustrate the issues involved in the controversy about the use of cochlear implants in prelinguistically deaf children. Analysis of this controversy suggests that the development of genetic tests for deafness poses a serious threat to the continued flourishing of Deaf…
Descriptors: Deafness, Testing, Genetics, Assistive Technology
Bartlett, Rebecca S.; Jette, Marie E.; King, Suzanne N.; Schaser, Allison; Thibeault, Susan L. – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2012
Purpose: This contemporary tutorial will introduce general principles of molecular biology, common deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), and protein assays and their relevance in the field of communication sciences and disorders. Method: Over the past 2 decades, knowledge of the molecular pathophysiology of human disease has…
Descriptors: Molecular Biology, Genetics, Communication Disorders
Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee, 2016
Each year, the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC) releases its annual list of scientific advances that represent significant progress in the field. The 20 studies selected have given new insight into the underlying biology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and potential risk factors, examined the state of the science in early…
Descriptors: Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Autism, Research, Biology
Grigorenko, Elena L. – Mind, Brain, and Education, 2007
The present article offers comments on the infusion of methodologies, approaches, reasoning strategies, and findings from the fields of genetics and genomics into studies of complex human behaviors (hereafter, complex phenotypes). Specifically, I discuss issues of generality and specificity, causality, and replicability as they pertain to…
Descriptors: Interdisciplinary Approach, Psychology, Genetics, Etiology
Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee, 2016
Each year, the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC) releases its annual list of scientific advances that represent significant progress in the field. The 20 studies selected have given new insight into the underlying biology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and potential risk factors, tested approaches for improving early screening…
Descriptors: Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Autism, Incidence, At Risk Persons
Peebles, K. A.; Price, T. J. – Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2012
Background: In most individuals, injury results in activation of peripheral nociceptors (pain-sensing neurons of the peripheral nervous system) and amplification of central nervous system (CNS) pain pathways that serve as a disincentive to continue harmful behaviour; however, this may not be the case in some developmental disorders that cause…
Descriptors: Pain, Mental Retardation, Self Destructive Behavior, Neurology
Finucane, Brenda; Haas-Givler, Barbara – Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 2009
Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a neurobehavioral disorder associated with deletions and mutations of the "RAI1" gene on chromosome 17p11.2. Clinical features of the syndrome include intellectual disability, sleep disturbance, craniofacial differences, and a distinctive profile of stereotypic and self-injurious behaviors. Although the functional…
Descriptors: Mental Retardation, Interdisciplinary Approach, Sleep, Genetic Disorders
Wise, Paul H. – Future of Children, 2012
Technological innovation is transforming the prevalence and functional impact of child disability, the scale of social disparities in child disability, and perhaps the essential meaning of disability in an increasingly technology-dominated world. In this article, Paul Wise investigates several specific facets of this transformation. He begins by…
Descriptors: Caring, Delivery Systems, Incidence, Disabilities