Dr. Gabor, the inventor of holography (lenseless photography), defines "innovation" as a methodical creation of the human spirit, a novelty that once created can be usefully and repeatedly applied. He describes and evaluates 100 important technological and biological inventions that can probably be expected within the next 50 years. He also discusses 37 social innovations or reforms which may be advisable or necessary as defenses against social crisis or instability. Each innovation is discussed with a view not only to its probability but to its desirability. The list includes 73 "hardware" inventions, ranging from new materials and developments in science, communications, transport, and power, to robots and computers. The 27 biological innovations include topics like artificial food and de-salinization of sea water. Social innovations include breaking the cult of violence in the mass media, air pollution, and the upgrading of service occupations. (JK)